Morro d'Alba boasts very ancient origins, with evidence of settlements dating back to Roman times, as demonstrated by a gold medallion bearing the inscription “Theodoricus pius princeps invictus semper”, discovered in a tomb in Sant'Amico and now preserved in the Museum of the Roman Baths in Rome. The first historical reference dates back to the year 1000, when it is mentioned as a Curtis in a document issued by Frederick I. The name of the village seems to derive from a boundary marker (mora) located on a hill (alba), which marked the border between the territories of Jesi and Senigallia.

In 1213 it is mentioned as a Castrum when Senigallia ceded it to Jesi, thus becoming part of the Respublica Aesina and sharing its historical events. In 1326 it was besieged by the militias of Fabriano, while in 1365 its walls were rebuilt, probably due to the raids of the bandits of the “Compagnia Maledicta” led by Fra Moriale. In 1481 it suffered new attacks from the people of Ancona.

Under Napoleonic rule, in 1808 Morro d'Alba definitively separated from Jesi and, with the Unification of Italy in 1860, became part of the province of Ancona. In 1862, to avoid confusion with other places bearing the same name, “Alba” was added to the original name.

The town is the birthplace of the painter Enzo Cucchi, a leading figure of the Transavanguardia movement, born on November 14, 1949. In 2016, in a consultative referendum, the citizens of Morro d'Alba rejected the proposed merger with Senigallia.